![]() These management plans are usually governed by national water agencies with support from, or in coordination with, private citizens. One common method is to set specific abstraction rules according to the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, such as flow and chemical parameters, and its relationship with other water masses. ![]() To prevent any negative effects, several methods for aquifer management can be used. In these farming areas, well design and controlled abstraction rates are critical in preventing penetrative depression cones, which ultimately affect water quality. Excessive use of fertilizer is associated with an increase in the concentration of nitrogen solutions in groundwater and soils. Another typical example of undesirable groundwater management can be found in many areas of intensive agricultural production. In most of these areas, an excessive abstraction rate causes seawater to penetrate the inland part of the aquifer. Major examples can be observed in arid or semi-arid coastal areas around the world that experience a high volume of tourism, where aquifers hydraulically connected with the sea are overexploited. An increase in the abstraction rate of a specific well or, as is more common, an uncontrolled increase of the number of active wells in an area, could lead to overexploitation of the aquifer’s long-term groundwater reserves and, in some specific contexts, impact water quality. One negative effect of well abstraction is the generation of an inverted, conically shaped depression around the well, which grows as water is pumped and can negatively affect water quantity and quality in the aquifer. In this time frame, vertical wells have emerged as the most common, effective, and controlled system for obtaining water from aquifers, replacing other techniques such as drains and spring catchments. The importance of groundwater has become particularly evident in the late 20th and early 21st centuries due to its increased use in many human activities.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |